Who decides federal holidays? This question may seem straightforward, but the answer is more complex than one might initially think. Federal holidays are an integral part of American culture, marking significant historical events and cultural milestones. However, the process of determining which holidays are recognized and celebrated by the federal government involves a combination of legislative decisions, executive orders, and historical precedent.
Federal holidays are established by Congress through the passage of legislation. The United States Code specifies which holidays are federal holidays, and Congress has the authority to add, remove, or modify these holidays. The first federal holiday, Washington’s Birthday, was established in 1880, and since then, Congress has recognized various other holidays, such as Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Columbus Day, Veterans Day, Thanksgiving, and Christmas.
In addition to legislative decisions, the President of the United States plays a crucial role in determining federal holidays. The President can issue executive orders that establish new federal holidays or change the dates of existing holidays. For example, in 1971, President Richard Nixon signed an executive order that moved the celebration of Columbus Day from October 12 to the second Monday in October, aligning it with other federal holidays.
Historical precedent also plays a significant role in the recognition of federal holidays. Many of the holidays we celebrate today have their roots in historical events or figures that have had a profound impact on American history. For instance, Martin Luther King Jr. Day was established in 1983 to honor the civil rights leader, following years of advocacy and legislative efforts.
The process of deciding federal holidays is not without controversy. Some critics argue that the federal government should not have the power to establish holidays, as it may infringe on individual rights or values. Others believe that federal holidays should be more inclusive, recognizing additional cultural and religious holidays.
In conclusion, the decision of federal holidays is a multifaceted process involving Congress, the President, and historical precedent. While the authority to establish these holidays rests with the federal government, the recognition of these holidays is deeply rooted in American culture and history. Understanding the complex origins and evolution of federal holidays can provide insight into the values and priorities of the nation.
