How to Safely Prepare a 2 Percent Nitric Acid Solution- A Step-by-Step Guide

How to Prepare 2 Percent Nitric Acid Solution

Preparing a 2 percent nitric acid solution is a common task in laboratories and chemical industries. Nitric acid, also known as HNO3, is a strong acid with various applications, including metal etching, cleaning, and as an oxidizing agent. In this article, we will guide you through the process of preparing a 2 percent nitric acid solution, ensuring safety and accuracy.

Materials Needed

Before starting the preparation process, gather the following materials:

1. Pure nitric acid (concentration: 68-70%)
2. Distilled water
3. Measuring cylinder
4. Beaker
5. Safety goggles
6. Lab gloves
7. Lab coat
8. Stirring rod

Step-by-Step Instructions

1. Safety Precautions: Always wear safety goggles, lab gloves, and a lab coat when handling nitric acid. Ensure that the area is well-ventilated, and avoid any direct contact with skin or eyes.

2. Dilution Process: Begin by measuring the desired amount of pure nitric acid using a measuring cylinder. For a 2 percent solution, you will need 20 ml of nitric acid for every 100 ml of water.

3. Add Water to Beaker: Pour the measured amount of distilled water into a beaker. The amount of water should be equal to the desired final volume of the solution. For example, if you want to prepare 100 ml of the solution, add 100 ml of water to the beaker.

4. Add Nitric Acid: Slowly pour the measured nitric acid into the beaker containing water. It is crucial to add the acid to the water, not the other way around, to prevent a violent reaction that could cause splashing.

5. Stir the Solution: Use a stirring rod to mix the solution thoroughly. Ensure that the acid is completely dissolved in the water. This process may take a few minutes.

6. Final Volume: If the final volume of the solution is not yet reached, add more distilled water to the beaker until the desired volume is achieved. Stir the solution again to ensure uniformity.

7. Label the Container: Once the solution is prepared, transfer it to a suitable container. Label the container with the concentration, date, and any other relevant information.

8. Dispose of Waste: Properly dispose of any unused nitric acid and waste products according to local regulations.

Conclusion

Preparing a 2 percent nitric acid solution is a straightforward process, but it requires careful attention to safety and proper technique. By following these steps and using the necessary precautions, you can ensure the accurate preparation of your nitric acid solution for various applications. Always remember to consult the appropriate safety data sheets (SDS) for more detailed information on handling and disposing of nitric acid.