Exploring the Rich Tapestry of Names for China Before the Name ‘China’ Emerged
What was China called before China? This question often piques the curiosity of those delving into the rich tapestry of Chinese history. The answer to this question is not as straightforward as one might expect, as the name “China” has evolved over time and has been known by various names throughout history.
The earliest mention of what is now known as China can be traced back to ancient texts and inscriptions. In the Shang Dynasty (c. 1600-1046 BCE), the region was referred to as “Zhongguo,” which translates to “the Central Kingdom.” This name was used to describe the central region of the empire, which was believed to be the center of the world. The concept of “Zhongguo” was a reflection of the Chinese belief in their civilization’s central role in the world order.
Another ancient name for the region was “Hua Xia,” which means “the Chinese nation” or “the Empire of the Central Plains.” This term was used to describe the area inhabited by the Han people, who were considered the dominant ethnic group in ancient China. The Han Dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE) was the first dynasty to use the term “Han” to refer to its people, which later became synonymous with the Chinese nation.
In the classical period, the region was also known as “Jin,” which means “the Middle States.” This name was used by the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BCE), the first dynasty to unify China. The Qin Dynasty was named after the state of Qin, which was one of the seven states that vied for control of the Central Plains during the Warring States period (475-221 BCE).
The name “China” itself has a complex etymology. It is believed to have originated from the Sanskrit word “Cina,” which was the name given to the region by the ancient Persians. The Persians, in turn, adopted the term from the Greek word “Seres,” which referred to the people of the Silk Road. The Romans used the term “Sinae” to describe the region, and over time, the name was adapted into various languages, including Latin, Arabic, and eventually, into the modern English term “China.”
Throughout history, China has been known by various names, reflecting the changing perspectives and influences of different cultures and dynasties. The name “China” itself is a testament to the country’s rich and diverse history, as well as its enduring presence in the global narrative. As we continue to explore the past, it becomes clear that the story of China is not just about its current name but about the multitude of names that have shaped its identity over time.
